Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at higher risk for infection with which of the following organisms?

1. Haemophilus influenzae
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3. Moraxella catarrhalis
4. Staphylococcus aureus
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 3 and 4 only

ANS: B
Patients with COPD have an increased risk for infection with H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis, whereas patients with cystic fibrosis are susceptible to P. aeruginosa and S. aureus infections.