High self efficacy leads to all of the following except

Amanda signed up with the army right after she graduated from high school

She was soon sent to Iraq. During her two years in Iraq, she witnessed many gruesome catastrophes. Upon returning home, she felt detached and estranged from her old friends, was easily startled, and had difficulties sleeping due to the vivid memories of the horrific events. Amanda displays the symptoms of A) flashbacks. B) posttraumatic stress disorder. C) anxiety. D) depression.

Thorndike formulated the law of effect while studying the behavior of

a. college students. b. animals. c. factory workers. d. U.S. Navy personnel. e. children.