Health care costs rose more than 10 percent in 2011, according to a survey of insurers by Aon Consulting Worldwide. Which of the following would be a fixed cost in a hospital?

________ is a problem that occurs when one concludes that a change in variable X caused a change in variable Y when in actual fact, it is a change in variable Y that caused a change in variable X

A) Reverse causality B) The positive-to-negative relationship C) Nonlinear slope D) The omitted variable

Why have so many regional trade arrangements among developing countries failed? Why might MERCOSUR have a better chance for success than the East African Common Market?

What will be an ideal response?