Screening tests are available for cancers of the breast, rectum, and colon

Explain the phrase "stigmata of liver disease." Give some examples of stigmata

What will be an ideal response?

Which of the following best describes haptens?

A. Haptens can be any substance capable of reacting with an antibody, but without necessarily being capable of inducing antibody formation B. Haptens are immunoglobulins capable of binding specifically to both natural and synthetic antigens. C. Haptens are substances that are capable of binding an antibody but by themselves cannot stimulate an immune response. D. Haptens are compounds that can be attached to antigens or antibodies and used as labels for immunoassays.