One does not need to be aroused to experience cognitive dissonance

According to the research on expertise and problem solving,

a. expert chess-players are much better than novices at remembering random arrangements of chess pieces. b. expert problem-solvers are more likely than novices to emphasize structural features in the representation of a problem. c. experts and novices are similar in their usage of means-ends heuristics. d. experts are skilled at judging whether a problem will be difficult for novices to solve.

Torrey is a salesperson who works on commission; that is, he is paid according to the

number of sales he makes. He has noticed a tendency to become irritable and to treat others, even members of his own family, angrily when a few days have passed without a sale. This effect of extinction is referred to as a. extinction-induced aggression. b. deprivation. c. aversion. d. matching. e. frustration.