If you were to design a research study that examines depression in relation to concordance rate, which of the following are the best groups to use for comparison?
a. identical twins to and fraternal twins
b. college students and the general public
c. brothers and sisters
d. parent(s) and children
A. Monozygotic twins are identical with a 100% genetic similarity and dizygotic twins are fraternal with a 50% genetic similarity. Therefore, twin studies are important in estimating concordance rate.
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According to the article Yoking Smokingabout operant conditioning, behavioral psychologists often reward
successive approximations of a behavior to teach a rat to press a bar (e.g. , first rewards the rat for turning toward the bar, then only rewards the rat for standing near the bar, then only rewards the rat for leaning its nose on the bar, etc). What is this process called? (a) modeling (b) shaping (c) token economy (d) noncontingent reinforcer
All of the following are true of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) EXCEPT
A) OCD symptoms are similar across different cultures. B) OCD is associated with damage to the basal ganglia. C) PET scans have shown increased activity in the frontal lobes of OCD patients. D) OCD is much more common in men than in women. E) OCD is characterized by counting, checking, and cleaning rituals.