In a correlational design, researchers

A) gather information on individuals, generally in natural life circumstances, and make no effort to alter their experiences.
B) use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions.
C) can infer cause and effect.
D) manipulate changes in the independent variable.

A

Psychology

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_____ removes the effects of an aversive stimulus, whereas _____ removes the possibility of an aversive stimulus from occurring in the first place

a. Partial reinforcement; punishment b. Positive reinforcement; positive punishment c. Negative reinforcement; negative punishment d. Escape learning; avoidance learning

Psychology

According to Freud, adolescents are in the ________ stage of development

A) anal B) genital C) latency D) phallic

Psychology