In order to overcome the free rider problem, many interest groups offer material benefits. What are material benefits?
a. the policies that interest groups help to bring about
b. gifts given to members of Congress in return for their support on legislation
c. benefits given only to group members
d. campaign contributions to elected officials
c
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Since World War II
a. industrialized states have frequently issued formal declarations of war when they pursued their foreign policy objectives via violence. b. the overstated dichotomy between war and peace has been rendered increasingly meaningless as states have frequently engaged in violent behavior without declaring war. c. few cases of state versus state violence have taken place. In almost every case where such violence did take place, the United States and the former Soviet Union were involved. d. international law has made it official that all cases of the international use of violence must be preceded by formal declarations of war.
China’s initial reforms in 1978 were focused on
a. agriculture b. industry c. increasing exports d. producing consumer goods