For Freud, the rational part of the personality was the

Seligman's theory on the depressive attributional style has generated substantial research. A conclusion that cannot be reached from the current conceptualization of the theory is that

a. the first response to a stressful situation is negative feelings about one's failings. b. depressive attributions will occur over time and across situations if not modified. c. learned helplessness contributes to the maintenance of the depressive attributional style. d. we do not know whether learned helplessness is a cause or symptom of depression.

The mother of a young child who didn't like to drink milk was trying to coax him to drink some. Taking the glass of milk, she poured it all into a smaller cup and said, "There! Now you won't have to drink so much."

She would never have fooled the child if he had not been in the __________ stage. a. preconventional b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. formal operational