During elections, odds are usually in favor of challengers to an incumbent to win

Which president is associated with the founding of the nation?

a. Benjamin Franklin b. George Washington c. John Quincy Adams d. Patrick Henry

To supporters of affirmative action, what was the effect of the 1971 Griggs decision?

a) It undermined the principle of meritocracy by banning standardized tests. b) It enhanced meritocracy by eliminating qualifications that bore no relation to merit. c) It encouraged meritocracy by requiring standardized tests. d) It reduced merit by insisting that standardized tests were permissibl