An employer will give $3 each month to every employee with perfect attendance. According to the _____ component of expectancy theory, this plan will not motivate employees

You are watching a video of a man in a developing country performing a task intended to determine if he is in the formal operations state of development. The person performing the task is 28 and he is performing quite poorly. What explanation would late 20th-century researchers have given to account for his poor performance?

a. He was cognitively incapable of formal operations. b. He did not have formal education that included the scientific method. c. He had previously experienced brain damage. d. He was not interested in "proving" his abilities.

Rita has schizophrenia. She persistently complains of tasting mustard, even though there

is nothing in her mouth. Her sense of tasting mustard represents a(n) ______ hallucination. a. gustatory c. tactile b. somatic d. olfactory