How can the rules or procedures Congress establishes for bureaucratic agencies affect how those bureaucracies do their jobs?

Single-case designs, by definition, do not incorporate control groups. What is the standard for comparison purposes to evaluate the treatment effects?

a. there is no comparison standard when using a single-case design b. the researcher "gut" feeling c. observations of a single control participant d. the pre-treatment observations

How is successful lobbying similar to the actions that the President takes when trying to gain support from members of Congress?

A. The easiest strategy that wins supporters is by threatening electoral harm by opposing something popular. B. Getting people to do what he or she wants them to do by convincing them that the action serves their goals. C. Mobilizing public opinion through speeches and television commercials is the easiest way to build support. D. Cutting off access and limiting benefits help political actors understand what actions are in their best interests.