How is successful lobbying similar to the actions that the President takes when trying to gain support from members of Congress?
A. The easiest strategy that wins supporters is by threatening electoral harm by opposing something popular.
B. Getting people to do what he or she wants them to do by convincing them that the action serves their goals.
C. Mobilizing public opinion through speeches and television commercials is the easiest way to build support.
D. Cutting off access and limiting benefits help political actors understand what actions are in their best interests.
Answer: B
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What is one of the reasons why consumer countries did not use more extreme measures, such as force, during the oil crisis?
a. They knew that refinery capacity and the business cycle would catch up with the glut and bring prices back down. b. They reasoned that high prices would spur minor producers to increase drilling and exploration and ultimately break the Middle East control over oil production. c. The sensitivity interdependence that led to high energy prices was regarded as good by important political actors in the consumer countries. d. Distributing oil companies redistributed reduced oil supplies to make up for the shortfall. e. Economic interdependence prevented consumer countries from taking radical actions because they had lost a measure of sovereignty over their own economic affairs.
Cadre parties ______.
A. have a large membership base B. are only present in authoritarian settings C. have a small, elite membership D. have less clear policy positions