Are gender differences more likely caused by nature- or nurture-related factors?
a) Nature. Gender differences overwhelmingly reflect the different evolutionary pressures faced by men and women in the distant past.
b) Nature. Gender differences overwhelmingly reflect male and female differences in hormonal influences and brain anatomy.
c) Nurture. Gender differences overwhelmingly reflect differences in socialization.
d) Both nature and nurture. Gender differences reflect the interplay of evolutionary, biological, and social factors.
ANS: D, Most psychologists agree that gender differences reflect a combination of "nature" and "nurture" influences.
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Sleep research supports several "helpful hints" to avoid insomnia. Which of the following statements is one of those helpful hints?
A) Make sure to have a clock near the bed so you will know when it is time to get up and stop trying to sleep. B) Sleep in a warm room to keep body temperature constant. C) Avoid napping during the day. D) Enjoy some relaxing television in bed before going to help unwind.
Allocentrism is to __________ as ideocentrism is to __________
a. individualistic; interdependent b. collectivist; individualistic c. dependent; independent d. independent; collectivistic