According to the text, the “two-step flow” is the idea that:
a. media influence opinion-leaders; the opinion leaders then influence other people
by personal contact
b. opinion leaders influence the media; the media then influence the mass audience
c. the mass audience influences opinion leaders; the opinion leaders then influence
the media
d. the media influences the mass audience; the mass audience then influences the
opinion leaders
a.
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Which symptom of groupthink is expressed when a group member confronts another by saying: "Why aren't you in favor of this? You're the only one who's against it. Give it up!"
a. rationalization b. self-censorship c. mindguarding d. pressure on dissent e. illusion of invulnerability
What does “barriers to entry” mean?
a) The inability of controversial producers to gain access to the airwaves b) The high costs of establishing or acquiring media firms c) The difficulty of gaining access to production facilities because of increased security d) A way of describing the impact of ideology on the audience