Which of the following animals has features with the lowest cue validities for its class?

Computer programmers often use binary codes (strings of 1s and 0s) to write programs for computers. These codes are then changed into patterns that the computer recognizes as words, pictures, sounds, and so forth. Which process does this most resemble in humans and other animals?

a. Transduction b. Bottom-up processing c. Top-down processing d. Conversion

Imagine that you have just read the sentence, "The man in the back row has green hair." Based on research on propositional representation in memory, will the words "man" and "hair" be represented in memory together?

a. Yes, because these words belong to the same proposition. b. Yes, because these words have strong meaningful associations. c. No, because they are separated by many other words in the actual sentence. d. It is impossible to say because research cannot be done on propositional representations.