What does the textbook mean by a “dialectical” synthesis of nature and nurture?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: For Hegel a dialectic was a way of thinking that synthesized or combined contradictions into a unified whole. If nature (genetics) and nurture (environment) are seen as complementary to each other as having mutual influence on each other then the so-called nature-nurture debate ceases to exist. A good example of this synthesis is in epigenetics. If the environment can alter which genes are expressed or the extent to which a given set of genes is expressed then the environment and genetics are interacting. The equation used in the book is that the phenotype (the observed characteristics of an individual) are equal to the genotype + the environment + the gene-environment correlation + the gene-environment interaction.
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In early childhood (from ages 3–6) ______________
a. fine motor skills are refined, but gross motor skills remain the same as they were in toddlerhood b. children from high socioeconomic status tend to have better gross motor skills than their counterparts from lower socioeconomic backgrounds c. girls and boys are equally skilled at body-coordination skills, such as balancing on one foot d. gender differences in gross motor development appear
Two boys, ages 3 and 4, are playing with cars, and both boys want the bigger red car. As one boy reaches for the red car, the other strikes him, knocking it out of his hand, and taking the red car for himself. This is an example of
a) relational aggression. b) emotional aggression. c) regulated aggression. d) instrumental aggression.