While giving a speech, Ahmud monitors the crowd members for their responses. As the crowd responds through facial expressions and vocalizations, they are simultaneously listening to his message. This illustrates which principle of communication?

One difference between Nielsen ratings and television quotient data (TvQs) is that TvQs measure

a. likeability and recognition. b. total households. c. persons using television. d. differences between large and small markets.

Consider the following description of the critical argument in

Dow, B.J. (1989). The function of epideictic and deliberative strategies in presidential crisis rhetoric. Western Journal of Speech Communication, 53, 294-310. "In this essay, I attempt to describe the different functions performed by instances of crisis rhetoric that are products of different situations. I argue that 1) study of crisis discourse should be informed by an understanding of the differing exigencies that give rise to it, 2) different crisis situations call for different rhetorical responses, and 3) the most fruitful way for critics to analyze crisis rhetoric is to begin with an understanding of how the rhetoric functions to respond to the exigence of the situation" (p. 295) From what rhetorical tradition is this argument framed? a. The rhetorical tradition b. The social tradition c. The cultural tradition d. The critical tradition