If a child has a performance motivation and fails at a task, what is the most likely result, according to Carol Dweck:
a. The child will persist until success is achieved.
b. The child will become emotionally unstable and probably have a tantrum.
c. The child will quit trying and self-esteem will suffer.
d. The child will persist, even when persistence continues to result in failure.
c
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Shlomo and Eriya, both eight years old, are riding in the school bus playing computer
crossword puzzles in both Japanese and English. As they switch back and forth from Japanese to English, their laughter gives way to other classmates wanting to join in on the fun. By the time they arrive at school, the children have solved most of the puzzles. According to Vygotsky, children's attempts to organize and internalize their thoughts by verbalizing them in front of others is known as a. talking to learn. b. cognitive dialectics. c. thinking to talk. d. linguistic interactionism.
Experimental contamination occurs when
a. the experimenter informs participants of his or her hypotheses b. participants are not randomly assigned to conditions c. a variable unrelated to the study affects participants' responses d. participants in different conditions interact with one another e. a pretest-posttest design is used