Which of the following fathers is likely to be as actively engaged with their infant as the child's mother?
Paulo, who is from Brazil
Roger, who is from the United States
Nikolas, who is from Ukraine
Daniel, who is from Kenya
Paulo, who is from Brazil
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Lori always yells at her 5-year-old son Jake when he won't get dressed for school. Although she has been yelling at him to get dressed nearly every day for months,
he still does not comply when she asks him to get dressed. Operant conditioning would explain this by pointing out that 5-year-olds are trying to exert their independence. Jake has come to associate mornings with yelling. Lori's yelling is not working as a punishment. Jake is fearful that he will appear incompetent at school.
Analogy: Negative reinforcement is to punishment as _______ is to _______
a. presenting; withdrawing b. withdrawing; presenting c. aversive; pleasant d. give; take