A bottom-up processing strategy is best for certain types of tasks because the top-down strategy can keep you from processing important _____

Punishment is supposed to be a "mirror image" of reinforcement, meaning that it

(a) is supposed to increase a certain behavior (b) is supposed to decrease a certain behavior (c) does not show generalization (d) is easy to understand

Four-year-old Gordon's mother tries to stop him from taking other kids' toys by asking him to imagine how upset the other kids feel. This strategy likely won't work well because of Gordon's:

A) centering. B) seriation. C) animism. D) egocentrism.