Four-year-old Gordon's mother tries to stop him from taking other kids' toys by asking him to imagine how upset the other kids feel. This strategy likely won't work well because of Gordon's:

According to Halford (1993), which of the following increases the probability that a young child will succeed at solving a deductive reasoning problem?

a. the problem involves objects and activities that children know well b. the child remembers the gist of the premises c. the child uses a strategy to reduce the information-processing demands of the problem d. all of the above

Rochelle's favorite television shows have families where the mothers do not work. She also notices that most of the teachers in her elementary school are female. Rochelle is developing gender-typed beliefs

A) through observational learning. B) through direct instruction by teachers and the media. C) that are biased against males. D) that will help her interact more effectively with the other sex.