In 2004,__________became the first American state to authorize gay marriages

President Richard Nixon attempted to deal with the problem of bureaucratic power by

a. appointing Republicans to leadership positions. b. increasing the power of his White House staff. c. cutting the budget to "starve out" the bureaucracy. d. dissolving different executive agencies.

In which way does the landmark case of Ernesto Miranda exhibit the tandem operation of state and federal courts?

a. He was found guilty of crime in a state court but found constitutional relief from a federal court.  b. The constitutional nature of his criminal case brought both issues to the Supreme Court.  c. The two courts expressed opposing findings on the same issue.  d. Miranda’s appeal to the Supreme Court was an example of a minority voice shaping established law.