In which way does the landmark case of Ernesto Miranda exhibit the tandem operation of state and federal courts?
a. He was found guilty of crime in a state court but found constitutional relief from a federal court.
b. The constitutional nature of his criminal case brought both issues to the Supreme Court.
c. The two courts expressed opposing findings on the same issue.
d. Miranda’s appeal to the Supreme Court was an example of a minority voice shaping established law.
a. He was found guilty of crime in a state court but found constitutional relief from a federal court.
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Which of the following is the LEAST important characteristic of a good control group?
a. its members experience everything the experimental group experiences except the treatment b. it has the same number of participants as the experimental group c. it is equivalent to the experimental group in all important characteristics d. it is measured on the same dependent variable as the experimental group
Intensive probation supervision, regional restitution centers, and creative sentencing are all considered __________ to bring and keep inmate populations in line with institutional capacity
a. back-door strategies b. front-door strategies c. capacity enhancement d. community-based policing