In a short essay, list and discuss the two major observation methods used in descriptive research. Next, list at least one advantage and one disadvantage for each of the two major observation methods

What will be an ideal response?

a. In personal observation, a trained observer collects the data by recording behavior exactly as it occurs. The observer does not attempt to control or manipulate the phenomenon being observed but simply records what takes place. The main advantage of personal observation is that it is a highly flexible method, as the observer can record a wide variety of phenomena. The main disadvantage is that the method is unstructured in that an observation form is generally not used for recording the behavior as it occurs. This leads to high observation bias.
b. Mechanical observation involves the use of a mechanical device to record behavior. These devices may or may not require the respondents' direct participation. The main advantage of mechanical observation is low observation bias, as the behavior is recorded mechanically, not by an observer. Likewise, the data are analyzed according to prespecified norms and guidelines, resulting in low to medium analysis bias. The main disadvantages are that some of these methods can be intrusive or expensive and may not be suitable in natural settings such as the marketplace.