Compare and contrast initiating structure versus consideration.
What will be an ideal response?
Initiating structure refers to defining tasks for employees and focusing on goals.
Consideration is the degree to which the leader shows trust, respect, and sensitivity to
employees’ feelings. These two leader behaviors have been studied for decades, and a
meta-analytic study of over 150 studies found that both consideration and initiating
structure have moderately strong relationships with outcomes. Consideration was more
strongly related to follower satisfaction (with the leader and job), motivation, and leader
effectiveness. Initiating structure was slightly more strongly related to leader job and
group performance. A recent review expanded the behaviors of leaders to include three
task-oriented behaviors (enhancing understanding, strengthening motivation, and
facilitating implementation) and three relation-oriented behaviors (fostering coordination,
promoting cooperation, and activating resources). Task-oriented behaviors are directed
towards the accomplishment of shared objectives; however, relation-oriented behaviors
support the coordinated engagement of team members.
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