The fossil evidence indicates that one of the oldest known hominid species, Ardipithecus ramidus, existed over_________ years ago

What is the concern regarding the changes produced by token economies?

A) Many studies of token economies are methodologically flawed. B) Some patients can function in normal life but deteriorate in the hospital. C) The skills learned in the hospital may not generalize to the outside world. D) The person may have learned new behaviors without changing his distorted thinking.

Your text highlights which of the following points about children growing up with low socioeconomic status (SES):

a. special programs such as Head Start which are designed to help these children tend to eliminate most cognitive problems (e.g., smaller vocabularies) but have very little effect on emotional and behavioral problems b. special programs such as Head Start which are designed to help these children tend to eliminate most cognitive, emotional, and behavioral negative outcomes, but only if children start the program before age 2 c. these children tend to show disadvantages on many different developmental outcomes but when they have close relationships with parents or others, this promotes resilience d. these children generally do about as well as middle SES children if they have 2 parents living at home and access to good school; otherwise they are at high risk for behavioral and emotional problems