Tim and Tom are identical twins who have always lived in exactly the same environment. Yet they look slightly different and like to do very different things. What might explain this?

Cognitive control is the ability to

A) cognitively suppress and express emotions and thoughts. B) reduce the impact of stressful circumstances by actively doing something. C) choose between alternative choices for action. D) mentally restructure or think differently about negative emotions that stem from stressful events.

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of the motive approach?

a. Decisions about what qualities to study have been arbitrary. b. The approach fails to specify types of intrapersonal functioning. c. Murray's list of motives was not complete. d. Most research within this approach has failed to look at multiple motives simultaneously.