Sweet and bitter tastes appear to be
a. based on a lock-and-key match between molecules and the receptors.
b. triggered by a direct flow of charged atoms into the tips of the taste cells.
c. triggered by the otolith organs in the taste buds.
d. based on the place theory of olfaction.
ANSWER: a
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Ralph is a bright student but he procrastinates. He postpones writing term papers and gets incomplete grades from his teachers that eventually become F's After exploring his early childhood memories with a therapist for almost a year, Ralph comes to the insight that he procrastinates as a way of expressing anger toward his parents. The treatment method used to help Ralph deal with his problem is most likely:
a. psychodynamic therapy. b. behavior therapy. c. cognitive therapy. d. humanist therapy.
A primary reinforcer is a stimulus that is reinforcing due to ________; a secondary reinforcer is a stimulus that is reinforcing due to ________
a) learning; innate properties b) innate properties; learning c) operant conditioning; classical conditioning d) classical conditioning; operant conditioning