When we say that punishment is often intended to operate vicariously, it means:
(a) memories of how we've been punished in the past don't work effectively
(b) the knowledge that someone is being punished is intended to affect the
behavior of others
(c) it is not really very effective, but we use it anyway
(d) it works more effectively than positive reinforcement
B
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Ralph was in a minor car accident in the grocery store parking lot. He backed his car into another car that was also backing out of a parking space. The other driver honked but Ralph didn't stop. Why not?
Ralph technically had the right-of-way. The honking did not cross his sensory threshold. Ralph became confused by driving backwards, confusing the gas pedal with the brake. His sensory memory perceived the honk but thought it was directed at someone else.
Suppose you were one of the early graduate students in the newly developed field of psychology. Your mentor is interested in discovering the answers to questions like,
, "Why is the ability to forget helpful?" and "How do emotions assist us in social situations?" Your mentor's approach is most consistent with the ___________ perspective. A) behaviorist B) functionalist C) psychoanalytic D) structuralist