Naomi Eisenberger and her colleagues are interested in whether or not brain activity correlates with feelings of social rejection. If you were advising Dr. Eisenberger, which technology would you recommend for her study?

Regarding the approaches used to quit smoking, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Nicotine patches or nicotine gum and medications, such as bupropion, can help people get through the withdrawal period. b. The "cold turkey" approach is still considered the most effective approach in producing permanent nonsmokers. c. In recent years, e-cigarettes have become popular as a way to simulate smoking either with or without delivering any nicotine. d. The gradual approach to quitting smoking allows the smoker to not feel like a "failure" if they smoke one cigarette.

Mr. and Mrs. Thompson took their son Peter to a psychologist and were told that he was learning disabled. They later went to a psychiatrist for a second opinion and were told that Peter was mentally retarded. This demonstrates the problem of

a) high validity. b) stigmatization. c) unreliability. d) lack of validity.