Which of the following conditions places the patient at risk for the development of a malignan-cy?

Drugs that competitively block the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic postganglionic effector cell receptors are called

a. muscarinic agents. b. adrenergic agents. c. antimuscarinic agents. d. cholinergic agents.

Which of the following statements regarding ipratropium bromide are true? 1. It is a first-line choice of bronchodilator for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 2. It can be combined with a ??agonist for maintenance bronchodilation in COPD

3. It is added to a ? agonist in severe asthma episodes that do not respond to a ??agonist alone. 4. It is a leukotriene modifier used to treat step 3 asthma. a. 1 and 4 only b. 2 and 4 only c. 1, 2, and 4 only d. 1, 2, and 3 only