In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response

Tests that measure what they are designed to measure:

a. are reliable b. have been standardized c. are valid d. are consistent

By using which of the following could Alba learn to associate a negative emotional response with her undesirable habit of compulsive hair-pulling?

a. operant conditioning b. escape training c. aversion therapy d. conditioned helplessness