__________ courts do not use juries

Which of the following is the process of outlining steps for making observation?

a.) instrumentation b.) operationalization c.) organization d.) measurement

Andrew Jackson's 1828 victory over John Quincy Adams is widely considered to be __________

a. one of the dirtiest media campaigns in history b. a model for the positive use of the media in campaigning c. a product of wealthy backers paying for expense advertisements d. an example of how establishment candidates fail to use the media effectively