Horrible unwanted thoughts that push into the mind are called

In the classic "I Love Lucy" TV show, Lucy and Ethel get jobs at a candy factory, wrapping chocolates on an assembly line. Because they perform so well, the supervisor speeds up the line so the candies come faster and faster. Eventually, Lucy and Ethel can't maintain the pace and give up, watching the candies pass them by and fall on the floor. Which of the following is demonstrated in this comedic scene?

a. goal gradient effect b. ratio strain c. post-reinforcement pause d. scalloping

Emitted, voluntary behavior is BEST modified by _____________

a. operant conditioning b. trial and error c. classical conditioning d. extinction