The highest form of partnering is the:

In its entirety, the value chain includes which of the following participants?

A) internal customers, external customers, and stakeholders B) design, production, and customers C) research and development, production, and distribution D) suppliers, manufacturers, and customers

A critic claimed that a business that neither manufactures nor sells directly is doomed because it is forced to compete exclusively on price. Which of the following is the best criticism of this argument?

A) It ignores the fact that improvements in wholesaler efficiency are relatively easy to duplicate. B) It fails to demonstrate that traditional retailing businesses are also in jeopardy. C) It fails to recognize the possibility that wholesalers can add value to different partners in the supply chain. D) It does not specify how wholesalers can reduce costs most effectively. E) It does not account for the fact that wholesalers need to be large in order to take advantage of economies of scale.