Which of the following situations is a contraindication for incentive spirometry? 1. A patient whose vital capacity is less than 10 ml/kg 2. A patient who cannot cooperate or follow instructions 3. An unconscious patient

a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3

ANS: D
Incentive spirometry is a simple and relatively safe modality. For this reason, contraindications are few (Box 42-2).