Extinction in operant conditioning involves _________________
A) negative reinforcement
B) positive reinforcement
C) punishment
D) withholding reinforcement
Answer: D
Rationale: In operant conditioning, extinction refers to the weakening of an operant response when reinforcement is no longer available. Therefore, if an experimenter wanted to extinguish a conditioned behavior, they would stop or withhold reinforcement.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions that make reciprocal altruism likely?
a. The situation must involve low risk for the altruist. b. There must be a high chance that the situation will be reversed in future. c. The situation must involve low benefits for the recipient. d. The recipient must recognize the altruist. e. The opportunity to provide assistance occurs among those who are most familiar with each other.
The two phases of ADHD involve
A) early signs of hyperactivity and later inattentiveness. B) early signs of inattentiveness and later hyperactivity. C) early low levels of both inattentiveness and hyperactivity and later high levels of both. D) early high levels of both inattentiveness and hyperactivity and a later decrease of both.