According to the text, Doob and Macdonald thought the relationship between TV

exposure and fear of criminal victimization that was often observed by George Gerbner
in his studies was, quite possibly, due to a variable that Gerbner had ignored in previous
studies. That variable was:



a. level of prior aggression in the population
b. level of socio-economic status of the population
c. whether or not a city had a professional sports franchise
d. level of crime in a person’s neighborhood
e. perceived level of ability to deal with criminal behavior when it happened

d.

Communication & Mass Media

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Repeating a study with different persons, in different places and at different times is designed primarily to demonstrate

a. Conclusion validity b. Internal validity c. Construct validity d. External validity

Communication & Mass Media

According to social penetration theory, after the first stage--the exploratory-affective stage--relationships move into the second stage, which is called the affective stage.

a.  True   b.  False

Communication & Mass Media