In the mid-1900s the U. S. Department of State organized several world tours for famous jazz musicians in an effort to generate goodwill and cooperation among non-aligned countries. This is an example of

A party caucus is ________

a. a method used to stall debate on the Senate floor b. needed to override a president's veto c. conducted by every newly elected member of Congress d. a meeting of all members of the same party serving in the House or Senate e. a communication between the president and leaders of both parties

In which of the following examples is voter participation an independent variable?

a.) In rural areas, voter participation is higher. b.) Campaigning seems to have no effect on voter participation. c.) Voter participation has a direct effect on spending on the next cycle of elections. d.) Charitable donations by candidates have a negative effect on voter participation.