Which of the following are included in the four principle perspectives on motivation?

Zilo Toys Inc., a toy manufacturing company, believes that the longer customers spend in deciding what to purchase, the less likely they are to purchase more item. In order to determine the average time customers spend in purchasing toys from their stores, the company employs Tim to watch customers as they discuss what toys to buy. He then reports his findings to the management. In this scenario, Tim is engaged in__________.

Fill in the blanks with correct word.

E-mail marketing is so productive that many consumers feel besieged by e-mails and use spam filters to halt the flow. How can marketers ensure they send messages that will be more welcome?

What will be an ideal response?