Steven is paralyzed from the neck down and does not experience the autonomic responses that usually accompany fear. Despite this injury, he continues to experience fear. Which theory of emotion is contradicted by this observation?

Initiative and independence are fostered by

a. restricting a child's freedom to play, to use imagination, and to choose activities. b. identity versus role confusion. c. encouragement from parents when a child plans and carries out a task. d. mastering psychomotor skills.

Forewarning generally improves resistance to persuasion--but not always. Describe briefly how forewarning may produce attitude change in the direction of the message. What motivation might drive such a result? What role might source credibility play?

What will be an ideal response?