For the Spearman r, the degrees of freedom are established in the same way as for the Pearson r

Cam and Sue are young college students discussing capital punishment. While they disagree on their views, Sue understands the merits of Cam's position. What stage of reflective judgment would Sue be displaying?

a. Relativism b. Multiple thinking c. Dualistic thinking d. Commitment

Three-year-old Jake ran up to the neighbor's new lab puppy. The puppy barked loudly and playfully jumped up on Jake, knocking him down. Although Jake was not hurt, the experience did frighten him. The next time he saw the lab puppy, he hugged his mother's knees and began to cry. Regarding the development of Jake's fear of dogs, this puppy served as the conditioned stimulus

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false