Three-year-old Jake ran up to the neighbor's new lab puppy. The puppy barked loudly and playfully jumped up on Jake, knocking him down. Although Jake was not hurt, the experience did frighten him. The next time he saw the lab puppy, he hugged his mother's knees and began to cry. Regarding the development of Jake's fear of dogs, this puppy served as the conditioned stimulus

Clara enters her dark apartment after a brief out-of-town trip. As she turns on the light, her cat jumps out from behind a large plant, causing Clara to scream and drop her bags. Clara is experiencing arousal of _______.

A. her thyroid gland B. her autonomic nervous system C. her pituitary gland D. her somatic nervous system

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true based on the results presented?

A) The hypothesis testing procedure probably used one-tailed tests. B) The various scales probably all had just about the same population variances. C) The t scores are all larger than the raw difference scores. D) The hypothesis testing procedure was probably a t test for dependent means.