If two polling organizations are consistently 3% apart in their prediction of a particular elections expected results, this likely reflects what is called the house effect.

1 The U.S. District Courts:

a. have appellate jurisdiction. b. are court of intermediate appellate jurisdiction. c. are trial courts of original jurisdiction. d. are created in the Constitution. e. c and d.

The reallocation of congressional seats among the states every ten years, following the census, is known as ______.

a. malapportionment b. reapportionment c. gerrymandering d. franking e. redistricting