Pavlov theorized that pairing a CS with a UCS caused a path to grow between two brain areas, such that the learner reacted to the CS as if it were the UCS. Cite evidence AGAINST this theory
What will be an ideal response?
In some cases, such as when a stimulus is paired with shock, the CR does not resemble the UCR. That is, the learner does not react to the CS as if it were the UCS. Also, if the UCS frequently occurs by itself, not preceded by the CS, then the CS evokes little or no response. That is, simply pairing the two events is not enough to produce conditioning. Also, consider the blocking effect. If one CS was already associated with the UCS, then pairing that stimulus plus a new stimulus with the UCS produces little or no response to the new stimulus. Again, merely pairing the two stimuli is not enough; conditioning occurs when a stimulus predicts something that would not have happened otherwise.
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A scientist rings a bell just prior to presenting meat to the dogs in his laboratory. After
several pairings, the dogs begin salivating when the bell is rung, even when no meat is presented. In this study, the meat is the ______. a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response
Stuttering affect approximately one child in 50
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false