A scientist rings a bell just prior to presenting meat to the dogs in his laboratory. After
several pairings, the dogs begin salivating when the bell is rung, even when no meat is
presented. In this study, the meat is the ______.
a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response
A
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What is the biggest difference between psychological treatment today and such treatments 20 years ago?
a) Treatment today has eliminated the psychodynamic approaches popular decades ago, as they have been thoroughly debunked by scientific research. b) Treatment today emphasizes scientific evidence to guide approaches to treatment. This is called evidence-based treatment (EBT). c) Treatment today can only be conducted by a trained physician—a psychiatrist—if it is to be paid for by a third-party insurance company. d) Treatment today requires the use of medication for a period of time before psychotherapy can be employed, whereas medications were largely ignored 20 years ago.
From third to sixth grade, boys tend to __________ their identification with "masculine" personality traits, whereas girls' identification with "feminine" personality traits __________
A) strengthen; declines B) weaken; strengthens C) steadily maintain; accelerates over time D) weaken; remains steady