Which of the following is a real world example of using punishment (response cost) to change people's behaviors so that they will increase their conservation efforts?
a. providing information regarding the number of gallons of water consumed that week
b. not providing cash back for recycling
c. placing an energy tax on gasoline
d. none of these
ANSWER: c
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Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is best described
a. by the principle of scaffolding. b. as the range between children's present level of skills and knowledge and their potential level withappropriate guidance c. as the range between the child's current level of intelligence and potential intelligence if provided with an enriched environment. d. as the child's zone of equilibrium or range of potential development based on current level of intelligence. e. as the range between the child's proximal and distal level of abilities.
The first stage of labor is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT the
A) ?effacement of the cervix. B) ?delivery of the placenta. C) ?dilation of the cervix. D) ?beginning of regular contractions of the uterus.