According to B.F. Skinner, when parents require that children's utterances of words be progressively closer to actual words before they are reinforced, this is called

a. grammatical construction.
b. expressive vocabulary.
c. shaping.
d. negative reinforcement.

c

Psychology

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The tendency of those studying psychopathology to start seeing themselves as suffering from the illnesses being discussed is known as _____________

a) accurate self-assessment b) unnecessary worrying c) psychopathological transference d) psychology student's syndrome

Psychology

Punishment

a. always adds pain. b. always removes pleasure. c. either adds pain or removes pleasure. d. None of these answers are correct.

Psychology