What are the ways in which a minor may ratify a contract? What are the ways in which a minor may disaffirm a contract? What is the effect of a minor misrepresenting age in order to enter into a contract?

Ratification may be express, implied from conduct, or may be through the failure to make a timely disaffirmance. Ratification makes the contract binding from the beginning. Ratification, once effected, is final and cannot be withdrawn. The minor can ratify the contract only as a whole, both as to burdens and benefits. A minor's contract is voidable at his option; he thus has the power to avoid liability. He may exercise his power to disaffirm a contract through words or conduct showing an intention not to abide by it. By the prevailing view in this country, the minor who misrepresented his age may disaffirm the contract. Some states, however, prohibit disaffirmance if a minor misrepresents her age and the adult, in good faith, reasonably relied on the misrepresentation. Other states not following the majority rule either (a) require the minor to restore the other party to the position she occupied before making the contract, or (b) allow the defrauded party to recover damages against the minor in tort.